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This is the "home page" of the Collation Project pilot. If you'd like to join in the fun, please consult this section of the main page and see especially how to collate a text.

NOTE: this mainly concerns philosophy because, for the pilot project, we have chosen works in one discipline--philosophy (and for now, just Hobbes' Leviathan)--to demonstrate the concepts.

Contents 1 Things in general 1.1 Relation 1.1.1 Quality, or Monadic Relation 1.1.2 Reaction, or Dyadic Relation 1.1.3 Symbolization, or Triadic Relation 1.2 Nature 1.3 Fiction 1.4 Time 1.5 Motion 1.6 Causality 1.7 Divinity 1.8 Life 2 Human being 2.1 object of: Methodology of psychology 2.2 definition: Definition of human 2.3 model: The mind-body problem 2.4 origin: Origin of ideas or mental content 2.5 Mental faculty 2.6 Insanity (or "madness") 2.7 Human action 2.8 Social psychology 2.9 Natural condition of mankind 3 Communication 3.1 Sign 3.2 Language 3.3 Word 3.4 Meaning 3.5 Understanding language 3.6 Metaphor 3.7 Generalizations 3.8 Reasoning 3.9 Truth 4 Knowledge 4.1 object: Types of knowledge 4.2 object: Induction 4.3 object: Skepticism 4.4 Knowledge of the divine 5 Inquiry 5.1 cause: Motive of inquiry 5.2 result: The ends of inquiry 5.3 result: Exact science 5.4 result: The results (or typical features of) inquiry 5.5 result: Methodological advice 5.6 object: Disagreement 5.7 object: Primitive methodological mistakes 6 Human conduct 6.1 Goodness or value 6.2 Right and wrong 6.3 Virtue or vice 6.4 Applied ethics 7 Society 7.1 Law 7.2 Social groups and organizations 7.3 The State 7.4 International relations and law 8 Education

Things in general

Relation

Quality, or Monadic Relation

Reaction, or Dyadic Relation

Symbolization, or Triadic Relation

Nature

Fiction

Time

Motion

Causality

Divinity

Debate summary: Does God exist?

1. The Judeo-Christian God
   1. argument: Arguments for the existence of God
      1. Best argument for the existence of God
      2. The cosmological argument for the existence of God
   2. personification: God personified

Life

1. Human being

Human being

object of: Methodology of psychology

definition: Definition of human

1. part: Distinction between human beings and animals
2. part: Persons

model: The mind-body problem

1. part: Immaterial soul or mind
2. domain: Materialism
3. domain: Behaviorism

origin: Origin of ideas or mental content

1. domain: Empiricism

Mental faculty

1. model: Theory of Perception
   1. Aristotle's theory of perception
   2. domain:Representationalism
   3. object: After-images
2. Imagination
3. Memory
   1. object: Experience (body of)
4. Conception
5. Thinking (train of thought)
   1. Mental searching
   2. Deliberation, or deciding
   3. Judgment and doubt
      1. Belief in
6. Dreaming
7. Emotion
   1. Desire (or appetite) or aversion
      1. model: Inborn vs. learned desire/aversion
      2. object: Object of desire
      3. result: Subjective goodness as desire satisfaction
   2. Hope and despair
      1. Self-confidence
   3. Fear and courage
      1. Religious feeling and superstition
      2. Anxiety
      3. Panic
   4. Anger
      1. Indignation
   5. Charity and good nature
   6. Greed
   7. Pusillanimity
   8. Vengefulness
   9. Curiosity
   10. Love and hate
       1. Kindness
       2. Lust
       3. Passionate love
       4. Jealousy
   11. Neutrality, or Hobbesian "contempt"
       1. Magnanimity
          1. Fortitude
          2. Liberality
       2. Disrespect, or impudence
       3. Cruelty
   12. Honor (attitude)
       1. method: Way to honor
   13. Pleasure and displeasure (or pain)
       1. Admiration
       2. Glory and vanity
          1. Laughter
       3. Grief or dejection
          1. Weeping
          2. Shame
          3. Pity and compassion
          4. Emulation and envy

Insanity (or "madness")

1. Causes of insanity
2. Rage
   1. The madness of crowds
3. Depression
4. Academic nonsense (as a kind of insanity)

Human action

1. model: Theory of Human Action
2. Human Power/Control
3. Freedom or free will
   1. The problem of freedom and determinism
      1. Compatibilism
   2. Freedom and predestination (or foreknowledge)
4. Will
   1. Motivation
      1. part: Fundamental motives
      2. model: Psychological egoism

Social psychology

1. Social action
   1. model: The nature of collective action
   2. Ignorance and conformism
   3. Charity and obligation
   4. Harm and revenge
   5. Competition
   6. Ambition

Natural condition of mankind

1. Natural faculties of human beings
2. Natural equality of human beings
3. Social relations in the state of nature
   1. model: The state of nature is a state of war
   2. objection: The state of nature is a fiction

Communication

Sign

Language

1. purpose: The functions of language
   1. Speech acts and moods
      1. Imperatives
         1. Commands
         2. Advice or counsel
            1. Exhortation
         3. model: The difference between command and counsel

Word

Meaning

1. attribute: Meaningfulness (cognitive significance)
2. attribute: Meaninglessness (nonsense)
3. attribute: Extension

Understanding language

1. Misunderstanding language

Metaphor

Generalizations

Reasoning

Truth

Knowledge

This section is to be reorganized

Debate summary: is knowledge possible?

object: Types of knowledge

1. Social knowledge
2. Expertise

object: Induction

1. Explanation
2. Prediction

object: Skepticism

1. Difficulty of distinguish dreaming and waking
2. Other minds

Knowledge of the divine

1. object: Concept of God
   1. naturalness: Naturalness of the concept of God
   2. conceivability: God's conceivability
2. origin: The origins of religious belief
   1. Origin of the belief in God

Inquiry

cause: Motive of inquiry

result: The ends of inquiry

result: Exact science

1. object of: Classification of the sciences

result: The results (or typical features of) inquiry

result: Methodological advice

1. object: Error
   1. object of: Explanation of error
   2. How to avoid error

object: Disagreement

object: Primitive methodological mistakes

1. cause: Ignorance
2. cause: Anthropomorphism
3. cause: Superstition

Human conduct

Goodness or value

1. Concepts of value
   1. The highest good
2. result of: Theories of value
   1. object: Subjective or apparent goodness
3. Goods, or valuable things
   1. The value of human life
      1. object: Dignity
   2. object: Happiness as a good
      1. object: Felicity or Eudaimonia
   3. object: Valuable personal qualities (not necessarily virtues)
      1. Honorability
         1. definition: What is honorable
      2. Usefulness or worthiness
   4. object of: The value or morality of intention

Right and wrong

1. Ought implies can
2. Moral principle or law
   1. The Golden Rule
   2. Feature of Natural law
      1. The sense in which natural law is law
      2. The obligation attaching to natural law
      3. Formulation of the fundamental laws of nature
      4. Motivation to follow natural law
   3. Sin
3. Rights
   1. Rights in the state of nature
   2. Natural rights
      1. object of: Formulation of natural rights
   3. object of: Renunciation and transference of rights
4. Desert
5. Contract or agreement
   1. Promise
      1. Oath
   2. condition: Condition of contract
   3. condition: Motivation to keep agreements
   4. Unenforceable contracts and contracts in the state of nature
   5. End or dissolution of contract
   6. Morality of keeping contracts or agreements

Virtue or vice

1. object of: Criticisms of virtue theory
2. Intellectual (mental) virtue or vice
   1. Good or bad thought
   2. Wisdom
      1. Prudence, or practical wisdom
         1. Craftiness
      2. Pedantry
      3. Intellectual wisdom; rationality as virtue
   3. Discretion
3. Moral virtues
   1. Individual virtue
   2. Peacefulness
   3. Tolerance
   4. Honesty
   5. Forgiveness
   6. Mercy
   7. Kindness
   8. Modesty
   9. Fairness
   10. Gratitude
   11. Frugality
4. Justice
   1. Justice of persons
   2. Justice of actions
      1. Commutative justice
      2. Distributive justice (equity)
   3. Justice in the state of nature
   4. problem: Why be just? The problem of the fool

Applied ethics

1. Ethics of speech
   1. Ethics of persuasive speech
   2. Ethics of advice or counsel
      1. Ethics of giving advice or counsel
      2. Ethics of receiving advice or counsel

Society

Law

1. The definition of law
2. origin: Source and condition of law
   1. State or sovereign as source of law
   2. Custom as source of law
   3. Law of nature as a source of (civil) law
   4. Promulgation as a necessary condition of (civil) law
3. object of: Classification of law, or types of law
   1. Justinian Code's typology
   2. Criminal and civil law
   3. Divine and human law
   4. Essential (or fundamental) or inessential law
4. interpretation: Interpretation of law
   1. Interpretation of law determined by legislative intent
   2. Interpretation of law determined by the sovereign's intent
   3. Interpretation of law determined by courts (judges and juries)
      1. agent: Good judges
      2. parameter: Stare decisis, or whether judicial decisions should be constrained by natural law or equity over precedent
      3. result: Jury nullification
   4. Interpretation of law determined by the text of written law
   5. Interpretation of law determined by moral philosophy
   6. Interpretation of law determined by legal commentaries
5. Divine law
   1. criteria: Criteria to determine if a divine law really is from God
   2. result: Divine punishment
6. purpose: Purpose or function of law
7. scope: Scope of the law
8. object: Crime and punishment
   1. definition: Definition of crime
   2. criteria: Condition of crime
      1. Nulla crimen sine lege (no crime without a law)
      2. No crime without a State
      3. Influence of corruption on what is considered criminal
      4. Legal excuses
      5. Extenuating circumstances and severity of offense
         1. Mental states as determining the severity of the offense
            1. Severity of lawbreaking done from ignorance
            2. Severity of lawbreaking done based on teaching or guidance from another
            3. Severity of crimes of passion
         2. Societal or cultural states as determining the severity of the offense
            1. Severity of lawbreaking done when the offense is unenforced or not often punished
            2. Severity of breaking laws when such lawbreaking is "tacitly approved" by the lawmaker
            3. Severity of lawbreaking in legally well-informed societies
         3. Consequence of the crime as determining the severity of the offense
         4. Nature of the entity harmed as determining the severity of the offense
   3. cause: Cause of crime
      1. Individual mental state as a cause of crime
         1. Ignorance as a cause of crime
         2. Error of belief or reasoning as a cause of crime
         3. Emotion or passion as a cause of crime
   4. condition: Cause of law-abiding behavior
   5. result: Punishment
      1. validity: Source of the authorization for punishment
      2. purpose: Purpose of punishment
      3. condition: Condition of punishment
         1. Harm necessary for punishment
         2. Public authority necessary for punishment
         3. Existing law necessary for punishment
         4. Subjecthood necessary for punishment
         5. Actual guilt necessary for punishment
         6. Guilty verdict necessary for punishment
      4. Types of punishment
         1. Corporal punishment
            1. Capital punishment
         2. Fine and other pecuniary punishment
         3. Shaming, humiliation, or degradation as punishment
         4. Imprisonment
         5. Exile
      5. consequence of: Sentencing
         1. Mandatory sentencing
         2. criteria: Equality and difference in sentencing
   6. Unenforced law
9. agent: Legal personhood
   1. Proxy (or "artificial person")
      1. criteria: That for which one can and cannot be a proxy
      2. binding: Obligatoriness of agreements made by proxy
      3. Legal guardian
10. consequence: Civil liberty or civil right
    1. criteria: Liberty criteria
    2. criteria: Extent of civil liberty
    3. Right against self-destruction
    4. Right against self-incrimination
    5. Right to refuse to fight in war
    6. Right of appeal to legal authority
    7. Right to property
       1. criteria: Property criteria
       2. condition: Condition of property
       3. origin: Origin of property
       4. transfer: Transfer of property
    8. Right to free speech
11. consequence: Civil duty
    1. criteria: Extent of civil duties
    2. Enumerated civil duty
       1. Obligation to follow the law
          1. Civil disobedience, whether and when justified
       2. Duty to fight for one's country
       3. Duty not to resist state agents

Social groups and organizations

1. object of: Etiology of socio-political relations
   1. object: Social power)
      1. origin: Source of social power
   2. object: Cause of obedience
   3. object: Cause of conflict
   4. object: Cause of victory
2. feature: Type or general feature of social organization
   1. input: Advice or counsel given to social organization
   2. Lawfulness of private organizations
3. Socio-political representation
4. Private organization for self-defense
5. Family or household
   1. feature: Authority of parents over children
   2. feature: Authority of masters over "servants" or slaves
6. Business
   1. governance: Governance of business
   2. debt: Business debt
   3. Monopoly
      1. evaluation: Evaluation of a monopoly
7. Religion
   1. origin: Explanation of religion
   2. objection: Argument against religion per se
   3. Man's relationship with God

The State

1. The goal and functions of the State
   1. The size of the State
      1. Anarchy
         1. desirability: Desirability of anarchy
      2. Minimal State
   2. justification: The justification of the State
      1. object of: Social contract theory
         1. part: Whether the State is party to the contract
         2. part: Whether the contract is binding on dissenters
   3. task: The functions of the State
   4. Ministerial or delegated powers, in general
      1. 1. Establishing law
         2. Establishing property law
      2. Adjudication
         1. agent: Court
         2. object: Appeal
      3. Keeping the peace
      4. Censorship
      5. Foreign affairs
         1. War and peace
         2. Diplomatic functions
         3. Espionage
      6. Appointing state officials
      7. Awarding state honors
      8. Counsel, advice, or research
      9. Managing Public property
      10. Managing Money
   5. parameter: Charter or constitution
2. power: Political power, or sovereignty
   1. origin: How political power or sovereignty is obtained
      1. Sovereignty attained through birth
      2. Right attached to conquest
   2. Distribution of State powers
   3. Degree of political power
      1. Absolutism
      2. Relationship between the sovereign and the law
   4. condition: Condition of political power or sovereignty
   5. continuity: Continuity of the State
      1. object: Right of succession in monarchies
   6. condition: Freedom or independence of States
3. Injustice or rebellion against the State
   1. Justice and injustice of the State
      1. result: Punishment of state officials
   2. Rebellion against the State
      1. object of: Whether rebellion against the State is ever justified
      2. object of: Government obligations to rebels
4. Forms of government, or Types of State
   1. Monarchy
   2. Representative democracy
      1. Representative political body
         1. power: Power of a representative political body
      2. problem: Difficulty with representative bodies
         1. Factionalism
         2. Inability to arrive at good judgment
      3. responsibility: Responsibility of individual representative
      4. Adjudication of disputes between members and assemblies
5. The State and religion

International relations and law

1. The legal status of foreigners
2. result of: Colonies and imperialism
3. result of: War
   1. Law of war
      1. Granting quarter
      2. Harming of innocents
   2. exclusion: Peace
4. International trade
   1. Who should manage trade?
   2. purpose: The role of trade in statecraft
      1. result: Currency

Education